JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

VOICE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PILOTING DRONES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES

Gheorghe Bulai, Viorel Bostan, Lilia Rotaru, Tudor Bumbu — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Voice control of drones is an innovation direction with high potential for many professional and social domains. This article analyzes the practical usefulness of a voice control system for drones based on an artificial intelligence model that runs locally, without an internet connection. The hybrid CNN+BiLSTM model is trained to recognize commands in Romanian and is deployed on the ESP-Drone platform with an ESP32-S2 microcontroller. Unlike commercial alternatives based on cloud infrastructure, the proposed solution runs entirely locally, eliminating latency and dependence on connectivity. The application domains with the greatest impact are examined, such as industrial inspections, search and rescue operations and precision agriculture, while also highlighting an often overlooked category of beneficiaries: people with motor disabilities, for whom voice control offers the possibility to pilot drones independently, without using their hands. The experimental results demonstrate a test accuracy of 99.4% and an end-to-end latency of 210–350 ms, confirmed under real flight conditions.

ANALYSIS OF CONTROL ARCHITECTURES FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Adriana Ursu, Igor Calmîcov, Viorel Cărbune — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become important components of modern systems for monitoring, inspection, mapping, and autonomous intervention. Their performance directly depends on the efficiency of the control systems and the architecture used for data processing, decision-making, and mission coordination. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the main control architectures used in UAV platforms: control with on-board processing (On-Board Control), hierarchical Master-Swarm architecture, and centralized systems based on a Ground Control System (GCS). It describes the operating principles of each architecture, the hardware and software components involved, advantages, limitations, and specific areas of application. The analysis highlights the impact of each solution on autonomy, scalability, resilience to communication loss, and real-time control performance. The results obtained show that On-Board Control systems offer superior autonomy and robustness, Master-Swarm architectures are intended particularly for the collaborative coordination of drone swarms, and GCS systems provide advanced capabilities for monitoring and centralized processing. Furthermore, current trends oriented towards hybrid architectures are highlighted, which combine the advantages of the three models to increase the level of autonomy, safety, and operational efficiency of modern UAV systems.

ZnTe – BASED OF PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS WITH INVERTED PLANAR ARHITECTURE

Mihail Popa — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents applications of zinc telluride in perovskite solar cells. Devices in which the thin layer of ZnTe deposited by thermal evaporation is the only hole transport layer reached a maximum yield of about 2.14%, while those with hole transport layer consisting of PEDOT-PSS doped with ZnTe had a maximum efficiency of about 2.60%. Power conversion efficiency of approximately 7.40% was recorded in solar cells consisting of two hole transport layers, one of ZnTe and one of PEDOT-PSS. The maximum conversion yield of approximately 13.84% was recorded in devices, in which heterojunction was made from perovskite doped with ZnTe.

DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF OVERHEATING IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERY

Oleg Petrov — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents a device and a method for early warning of the risk of thermal runaway in electrochemical batteries. The effectiveness of the proposed system was assessed using mathematical modeling applied specifically to the battery module of the Audi e-tron. Modeling of prismatic cell overheating and calculation of instantaneous operating modes were performed in Excel Microsoft 365. The results, presented in analytical graphs, demonstrate the ability of the system to detect battery cell overheating, which confirms both the operability of the device and the reliability of the method. The proposed solution is especially suitable for improving the safety of lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium and other multicell battery systems during operation, as well as for integration into new battery modules. Main applications: monitoring cell temperature in a multi-cell battery module; early warning of thermal runaway risk in a multi-cell battery module; providing emergency alerts in case of immediate and obvious thermal runaway danger.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES UNDER CONDITIONS ENSURING THE EVALUATION OF SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

Gheorghe Gorceag, Oleg Lupan, Serghei Railean, Nicolai Ababii — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Periodic verification through examinations and laboratory testing represents a technical operation that can ensure an adequate level of performance and safety of medical devices. This verification ensures the assessment of general safety, electrical safety, functionality, alarm control, and, most importantly, the performance parameters of medical devices. In order to establish a service system intended for the periodic conformity assessment of medical devices, it was necessary to identify new methodological approaches. This methodology is based on the cost–effectiveness ratio, ensuring the application of a minimum set of non-destructive methods in accordance with standards, while guaranteeing an appropriate level of performance and safety of medical devices.

LIGHTWEIGHT RFID MUTUAL AUTHENTICATION PROVIDING UNTRACEABILITY

Rodica Bulai — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The widespread deployment of low-cost RFID tags raises significant security and privacy concerns, since tags with limited computational resources cannot support strong cryptographic primitives, while backward and forward untraceability have become essential requirements for modern RFID protocols. We hypothesize that a lightweight authentication scheme based on pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) and short-term session keys can provide a broad spectrum of security properties without relying on costly primitives. The purpose of this study is to design and analyze such a mutual authentication protocol for RFID systems. Two variants of the protocol are constructed - one optimized for limited tag computational power and one minimizing data transmission - using one-time pad encryption keyed by PRNG output, timestamps for replay-attack protection, and a refreshable forward/backward key sub-chain. The resulting protocol withstands replay, denial-of-service, tag and server impersonation attacks, and guarantees information privacy, location privacy, and both backward and forward untraceability. We conclude that even weak primitives such as linear or non-linear feedback shift registers can be safely used as the underlying PRNG, which makes the protocol particularly well suited to low-cost RFID deployments.

A GEOSPATIAL FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE INTEGRATED ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM (IACS) IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Rodica Sirbu — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The paper proposes a methodology and a validation framework for the development and implementation of the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) in the Republic of Moldova. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the theoretical and technological foundations of the IACS and LPIS systems in the European Union countries, as well as to present the existing context and the possibilities for its development and implementation in the Republic of Moldova. The research aims to highlight how geospatial technologies contribute to the efficiency of land administration and the optimization of decision-making processes in priority areas, such as agriculture. The objectives of the paper include, among others, examining the fundamental concepts related to the IACS system, analyzing the role of existing spatial data and modern spatial technologies in monitoring land. At the same time, a design exercise for physical blocks delimitation was carried out, taking into account the existing data in the national spatial data infrastructure and the existing regulatory framework in the Republic of Moldova, adapted to specific institutional and operational requirements. The research methodology is based on the critical analysis of the specialized literature, international/European regulations and standards relevant to the field. At the same time, specialized platforms and programs were used in the research, such as the QGIS software, as well as other modern GIS solutions, which facilitated the practical understanding of the processes of integration, administration and analysis of spatial data. The principal limitations of this work arise from its predominantly conceptual research approach, in the absence of full access to official data sets and institutional resources, since these are regulated by the legal framework, cooperation agreements, spatial data sharing protocols, also the need to protect the confidential data of landowners.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL TREATMENT DURATION ON THE STABILITY OF PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS IN SWEET EXTRACTS PRODUCED FROM RARA NEAGRĂ GRAPE MARC

Nadejda Botezatu, Ecaterina Covaci, Alexandra Arseni — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Sweet red grape pomace represents a valuable source of anthocyanins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Heating affects the content of biologically active compounds. However, wellcontrolled thermal processing can contribute to their preservation. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed presentation of the degradation of biologically active compounds during heating, as well as to describe their thermal behavior. The study was based on the preparation and investigation of hydroalcoholic extracts acidified with citric acid obtained from unfermented sweet red grape pomace of the Rara Neagră grape variety, harvest year 2025. Following thermal treatment within the studied temperature range (80–140°C, 7–30 min), the total phenolic content of the acidified Rara Neagră extracts decreased from 50.67 mg GAE/g DW to 17.98 mg GAE/g DW. The total anthocyanin content remained almost constant. In contrast, the experimental results highlighted a decrease in the content of monomeric anthocyanins. Analysis of the absorption spectra revealed the highest stability at 80–100°C and rapid degradation at 120–140°C. The stability observed at 80–100°C indicates that these compounds can withstand moderate food-processing operations (pasteurization and shortterm thermal treatments). Therefore, the obtained results are of direct importance for the food industry and for the valorization of wine industry by-products.

STRUCTURED OILS IN FOOD SYSTEMS: OLEOGELS AS SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES TO CONVENTIONAL SOLID FATS

Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Nowadays, there is an increasing emphasis on the quality of dietary fats in food systems, given that the association of high consumption of saturated and trans fats with increased risks of chronic diseases. Thus, the food industry is looking for alternatives capable of reproducing the functional properties of conventional solid fats. Oleogels have emerged as a promising solution, consisting of structured liquid oils immobilized in a threedimensional network formed by oleogelators such as waxes, monoglycerides, ethylcellulose and biopolymers. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of oleogel systems, focusing on the principles of formation, classification and structuring mechanisms. It highlights the influence of processing parameters, including cooling rate, shear and gelator selection, on the physicochemical and functional properties of oleogels. In addition, the role of different vegetable oils and extraction methods in determining gel stability and performance is discussed. Oleogels demonstrate significant potential in food applications, serving as replacements for saturated fats in products such as bakery products, confectionery, spreads and meat analogues, while improving nutritional quality. Thus, oleogels represent an innovative and sustainable strategy for the development of healthier food products with desired sensory and functional attributes.