TEXTILE BIO-COLORING – VEGETAL AND BACTERIAL PIGMENTS FOR A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Abstract

This paper explores sustainable methods of textile dyeing using natural pigments, taken from plant sources (walnut leaves and hibiscus) and pathogenic pigments bacteria. The theoretical section provides an overview of natural dyes, their chromatic and functional potential, and bio-dyeing techniques. The experimental research involved the preparation of textile samples made of cotton, linen, wool, and silk, followed by the application of natural pigments under varying conditions of time, temperature, and pH. Significant differences in pigment absorption were observed depending on the fibre composition, exposure time, and colour modifiers used. Animal-based fibres demonstrated higher colour intensity, while plantbased fibres yielded softer, pastel tones. Solid powdered pigments were also extracted and preserved for potential reuse. Additionally, bacterial dyeing was applied to create spontaneous and organic visual prints with promising applications in artistic and bio-inspired textile design. The results confirm the viability of bio-coloration methods in contemporary textile practices and support the transition to environmentally responsible solutions. Future research directions include testing light and wash fastness, expanding the bacterial pigment palette, and integrating these innovative dyeing methods into functional and smart textiles.