COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ENERGY POTENTIAL AND COMPOSITION OF WALNUT, HAZELNUT, AND ALMOND RESIDUES FOR SOLID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Abstract

Interest in renewable energy, particularly biomass-derived energy, has significantly increased in recent decades. As one of the most readily available resources in the Republic of Moldova, biomass energy plays an essential role in the country's evolving national energy framework. This study aims to evaluate the quality of tree biomass generated by nut trees, specifically walnut, hazelnut, and almond, considering its potential use as raw material for solid biofuel production. A comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessment was conducted, focusing on calorific value, ash content, volatile matter content, and the concentrations of C, H, S, N, and Cl—key components contributing to pollutant emissions (CO, CO₂, NOₓ, SO₂, etc.). The findings highlight that nut residues meet quality standards for solid biofuels derived from non-woody biomass, showcasing their significant potential for sustainable energy production.